Kutabogama kwa karubone ntabwo igihugu cyanjye cyiyemeje gusa guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ahubwo ni politiki y’igihugu ikomeye yo kugera ku mpinduka z’ibanze mu bukungu n’imibereho y’igihugu cyanjye. Ninigikorwa gikomeye igihugu cyanjye gushakisha inzira nshya iganisha kumuco wabantu no kugera kumahoro.

Kugeza ubu, mu masoko y’ingufu zisanzwe, gaze karemano, ubushyuhe bwizuba, ingufu za hydrogène, ningufu za kirimbuzi birashobora gukoreshwa mubindi bisobanuro. Muri byo, gaze gasanzwe ifite igisubizo cyihuse nubucucike bwinshi, ariko ifite ibibi bitatu: umubare wose ntuhagije. Ubucuruzi rusange bwa gaze buri mwaka ku isi ni metero kibe 1,2. Ubushinwa bugaragara bwa gaze gasanzwe muri 2019 ni metero kibe 306.4, bingana na 8.1 mu gukoresha ingufu zose. %. Bigereranijwe ko nubwo gaze gasanzwe ku isi yose ihabwa Ubushinwa, ishobora gukemura 32% gusa y’ingufu zose zikoreshwa; igiciro kiri hejuru cyane. Nubwo igiciro cya gaze karemano gitandukana ahantu, muri rusange ni inshuro 2-3 zamakara. Niba gaze gasanzwe ikoreshwa, Igiciro cyo gukora cyazamutse ako kanya. Birumvikana kongera ikiguzi gikenewe kugirango ugabanye karubone, ariko kwiyongera gukabije byanze bikunze bizagabanuka kugabanuka kurushanwa ryinganda zikora cyangwa guhinduka mumahanga; icya gatatu, gazi karemano ubwayo nisoko ya karuboni nyinshi itanga ingufu, nubwo ubukana bwa karuboni buri munsi yamakara. , Ariko ikibazo cyohereza imyuka ya karubone iragabanuka gusa ariko ntigikemutse. Kubwibyo, biragoye ko gaze gasanzwe ihinduka inzira nyamukuru.

Ibinyuranye, ubwinshi bwingufu zumucyo nubushyuhe ntibishobora guhaza ibikenerwa n’abakoresha ingufu nyinshi nk’amazi menshi, kandi ntibishobora kwemeza ko ubushyuhe bukomeza kandi buhoraho mu nganda zikora inganda, kandi ntabwo bubishoboye. tekinike ya tekiniki.

Ingufu za kirimbuzi zifite ibyiza byo kubyara ingufu zihoraho kandi zihamye. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gushyushya ibyifuzo mumajyaruguru. Nyamara, kubushyuhe butandukanye kandi butandukanye bwo gukenera inganda zinganda, imiterere yubuhanga nubukungu biragoye guhuza.

Ibyiza byingufu za hydrogène murwego rwo gutwara abantu biragaragara. Nubwo hari ibibazo byatsindiye ubukonje budasanzwe nko gukora ibyuma kugirango bisimbuze amakara, ubukungu bwubushyuhe bukenerwa ninganda zitandukanye zinganda ziracyakeneye igihe cyo kugenzura.

Byongeye kandi, nubwo ubwoko bwingufu zavuzwe haruguru bugera kubikorwa byubukungu, haracyari ikibazo gikunze kubaho-ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu zikoreshwa n’amakara bihura n’ubusaza.

Ibitekerezo bya EU: ongera ukoreshe ingufu za biomass

Ibikoresho bya biomass pellet biteganijwe ko bizahinduka intwaro idafite aho ibogamiye.

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’akarere ka mbere ku isi witangiye iterambere rya karuboni nkeya. Yarangije impinga ya karubone kandi igenda yerekeza kubutabogamye. Ubunararibonye bwabwo bukwiye kwiga no kubyigiraho.

Umusaruro rusange w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wagize 22.54% by’umusaruro rusange w’isi, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ni 8%, naho ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bingana na 8.79% muri icyo gihe kimwe. Kugirango ugere kuri kutabogama kwa karubone muri sisitemu yingufu, ingufu zisubirwamo zishingiye ku mbaraga za biomass zakoreshejwe aho gukoresha ingufu z’ibinyabuzima.

Dufatiye ku miterere rusange y’ingufu z’ibihugu 27 by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ingufu za biyomasi zingana na 65% by’ingufu zishobora kubaho; duhereye ku ruhare rwo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ingufu za biyomasi zingana na 43%, ziza ku mwanya wa mbere.

Impamvu: Ingufu za Biomass nimbaraga za chimique na lisansi yonyine ishobora kongerwa. Irashobora kubikwa no gutwarwa. Imbere yo gukenera ubushyuhe butandukanye kandi bwigihe kinini, ibicanwa bya biomass birashobora kuboneka byoroshye, kandi umutungo wa biomass ni mwinshi kandi urakwirakwizwa. Irakoreshwa cyane kandi ifite ubukungu, kandi irarushanwa gushyuha kuruta ingufu za fosile. Kurugero, Danemarke, Suwede, na Finlande mu Burayi bw’Amajyaruguru bubatse urwego rw’inganda zikoresha ingufu za biyomasi rushingiye ku myanda myinshi y’ubuhinzi n’amashyamba, kandi yabaye umugabane w’isoko ry’ingufu. Ubwoko bwa mbere butandukanye.

Ingufu za biyomass zirahujwe nibikorwa remezo byingufu zisanzwe. Kurugero, ibice bitandatu 660MW bikoresha amakara ya Drax, uruganda runini rukoreshwa n’amakara mu Bwongereza, byose byahinduwe biomass, bigera kuri zeru zeru no kubona inyungu nini zo kugabanya ibyuka byangiza; Ingufu nizo mbaraga zonyine zishobora kuvugururwa zishobora gusimbuza rwose ingufu za fosile. Ntishobora gusa guhaza ibikenerwa bitatu byingenzi byingufu zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, nubushyuhe, ariko kandi ikabyara ibikoresho bishingiye kuri bio kugirango bisimbuze ibikoresho bishingiye kuri peteroli, bidashoboka nandi masoko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. .

Inkunga-nini yo kutabogama kwa karubone

Muri rusange, inzira eshatu zo kutabogama kwa karubone mugihugu cyanjye-amashanyarazi ya karubone, kutabogama kwa karubone, no kutagira ingufu za karubone, ingufu za biyomasi zose zishobora kugira uruhare runini.

Ku bijyanye no kutabogama kwa karubone, ubushyuhe bwo gukenera inganda z’inganda z’igihugu cyanjye burashobora kuzuzwa byimazeyo n’ingufu za biyomass, kandi icyifuzo cyo gushyushya kugabanywa gishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe ibikoresho by’ingufu za biomass by’umwuga byo gukora ibicanwa.

Nibyo, hamwe nubunini bwingufu zikoreshwa mugihugu cyacu, biragoye guhaza ibyifuzo byumutungo wonyine. Kubwibyo, birashoboka gushyiraho urwego hamwe na lisansi ishobora kongera ingufu za biomass (imashini ya biomass pellet nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya imashini) nkibyingenzi hamwe n’ubufatanye bw’ingufu zishobora “Umukandara n’umuhanda” nkintego.

Ku bijyanye n’igihugu cyanjye, umubare munini w’ibicanwa bishobora gusimburwa n’ibicanwa biva mu kirere, bishobora gukomeza guhangana n’inganda zikora kandi bigakemura ikibazo cy’inzitizi ziterwa na karuboni. Muri icyo gihe, bizafasha ibihugu n’uturere bya “Umukandara n’umuhanda” gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu z’icyatsi kugira ngo bigere ku nyungu n’ibisubizo byunguka. , Kubaka umuryango wibyerekezo byiterambere ryicyatsi.

Ku bijyanye no kutabogama kwa karubone, ibisubizo biriho ingufu zitwara abantu zirimo ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ingufu za hydrogène, na lisansi ya biomass. Birasabwa ko isoko rihitamo aho kwivanga mubuyobozi bukabije. Ibikoresho byinshi byubuyobozi bigomba gushorwa mubikorwa byo kubaka isoko yingwate yisoko, nko kubaka no gukora isoko rya karubone. Icyo gihe, hazabaho gahunda y’ingufu zitagira aho zibogamiye zijyanye n’imiterere y’igihugu kugira ngo zigaragare.

Urusyo rwa biomassibikoresho biteganijwe ko bizaba intwaro idafite aho ibogamiye.