Isoko rya pellet ku isi ryiyongereye cyane mu myaka icumi ishize, ahanini bitewe n’ibisabwa n’inganda. Mugihe amasoko yo gushyushya pellet agize umubare munini wibyifuzo byisi yose, iri somo rizibanda kumurenge wibiti byinganda.

Isoko ryo gushyushya pellet ryamaganwe mumyaka yashize nigiciro gito cyo gushyushya peteroli (ibiciro bya peteroli na gaze) hamwe nubushyuhe burenze ubukonje bwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi. FutureMetrics iteganya ko guhuza ibiciro bya peteroli biri hejuru na politiki ya de-karubone bizagarura ubwiyongere bwibisabwa mu myaka ya za 2020.

Mu myaka itari mike ishize, inganda zikora ibiti byo mu nganda zari nini nk’umurenge ushyushya pellet, kandi biteganijwe ko zizaba nini cyane mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
Isoko ryibiti bya pellet byinganda biterwa no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe na politiki y’ibisekuru ishobora kongerwa. Inganda zikora inganda ni lisansi nkeya ishobora kuvugururwa isimbuza byoroshye amakara mumashanyarazi manini.

Pellets irashobora gusimbuzwa amakara muburyo bubiri, haba guhinduka byuzuye cyangwa gufatanya kurasa. Kugirango bihindurwe byuzuye, igice cyose kuri sitasiyo yamakara gihindurwa kuva gukoresha amakara ugakoresha peleti yimbaho. Ibi bisaba guhindura imikorere ya lisansi, sisitemu yo kugaburira, hamwe na firime. Gufatanya kurasa ni ugutwika pellet zinkwi hamwe namakara. Ku kigereranyo cyo gufatanya kurasa, harasabwa guhindura bike kubikoresho byamakara asanzwe. Mubyukuri, kumvange yo hepfo (munsi ya karindwi kwijana) ryibiti bya pellet, hafi ntagihinduka gisabwa.

Biteganijwe ko ibisabwa mu Bwongereza no mu bihugu by’Uburayi bizagera mu 2020. Icyakora, biteganijwe ko iterambere rikomeye mu Buyapani no muri Koreya yepfo muri 2020. Turateganya kandi ko Kanada na Amerika bizagira amashanyarazi y’amakara akoresheje ibiti by’inganda bitarenze 2025.

Icyifuzo cya pellet

Imishinga minini minini ifatanyabikorwa hamwe no guhindura imishinga mu Buyapani, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Ubwongereza, na Koreya yepfo, hamwe n’imishinga mito mito yigenga y’amashanyarazi mu Buyapani, biteganijwe ko izongera toni zigera kuri miliyoni 24 ku mwaka ku bisabwa muri iki gihe bitarenze 2025. Benshi muri bo iterambere riteganijwe riva mu Buyapani, na Koreya y'Epfo.

FutureMetrics ikomeza amakuru arambuye yumushinga wububiko ku mishinga yose iteganijwe kuba ikoresha ibiti. Ibyinshi mubitanga pellet kubiteganijwe gusabwa muri EU no mubwongereza bimaze gutegurwa nabakora ibicuruzwa bihari. Nyamara, amasoko yUbuyapani na S. Koreya atanga amahirwe kubushobozi bushya aribwo, ahanini, butari mu muyoboro guhera uyu munsi.

Uburayi n'Ubwongereza

Iterambere ryambere (2010 kugeza ubu) mu nganda za pellet inganda ziva mu burengerazuba bw’Uburayi n’Ubwongereza Icyakora, iterambere mu Burayi riratinda kandi biteganijwe ko rizagenda neza mu ntangiriro ya 2020. Iterambere risigaye mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda z’iburayi zizaturuka ku mishinga yo mu Buholandi no mu Bwongereza

Icyifuzo cy’ibikorwa remezo by’Ubuholandi ntikiramenyekana neza, kubera ko uruganda rw’amakara rwadindije ibyemezo by’ishoramari byanyuma bijyanye no gufatanya gufatanya kugeza igihe bahawe ibyiringiro by’uko amakara yabo azashobora gukomeza gukora. Abasesenguzi benshi, harimo na FutureMetrics, bateganya ko ibyo bibazo bizakemuka kandi ibyifuzo by’Abaholandi biziyongera byibuze toni miliyoni 2.5 ku mwaka mu myaka itatu cyangwa ine iri imbere. Birashoboka ko Ubuholandi busabwa kwiyongera kugera kuri toni miliyoni 3,5 ku mwaka niba sitasiyo zose uko ari enye zahawe inkunga zikomeza gahunda zabo.

Imishinga ibiri yo mu Bwongereza, EPH ya 400MW ya Lynemouth ihindura amashanyarazi hamwe n’uruganda rwa MGT rwa Teeside greenfield CHP, kuri ubu irimo gukoreshwa cyangwa irimo kubakwa. Drax aherutse gutangaza ko izahindura igice cya kane kugirango ikore kuri pellet. Amasaha angahe icyo gice kizakora mumwaka ntibisobanutse muriki gihe. Icyakora, urebye ko icyemezo cy’ishoramari cyafashwe, FutureMetrics ivuga ko igice cya 4 kizakoresha toni 900.000 ziyongera ku mwaka. Buri gice cyahinduwe kuri sitasiyo ya Drax kirashobora gukoresha toni zigera kuri miriyoni 2,5 kumwaka iyo zikoresheje ubushobozi bwumwaka wose. FutureMetrics imishinga yose isabwa muburayi no mubwongereza kuri toni miliyoni 6.0 kumwaka.

Ubuyapani

Ibinyabuzima bikenerwa mu Buyapani biterwa ahanini n’ibice bitatu bya politiki: Gahunda yo kugaburira ibiryo (FiT) yo gushyigikira ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’amashyanyarazi y’amakara, hamwe n’intego zangiza ikirere.

FiT itanga amashanyarazi yigenga (IPPs) igiciro cyagenwe cyingufu zishobora kubaho mugihe cyamasezerano yongerewe - imyaka 20 yingufu za biomass. Kugeza ubu, munsi ya FiT, amashanyarazi akomoka ku “giti rusange,” arimo pellet, ibiti bitumizwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’igikonoshwa cy’imikindo (PKS), ahabwa inkunga ya 21 ¥ / kWh, ikamanuka kuva 24 ¥ / kWt mbere yitariki ya 30 Nzeri, 2017. Ariko, amanota ya IPP ya biomass yakiriye FiT yo hejuru arafunzwe kuri kiriya gipimo (hafi $ 0.214 / kWh ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha).

Minisiteri y’Ubukungu n’Ubuyapani Ubucuruzi n’inganda (METI) yakoze icyiswe “Ingufu nziza zivanze” mu 2030. Muri iyo gahunda, ingufu za biyomass zingana na 4.1 ku ijana by’amashanyarazi yose y’Ubuyapani mu 2030. Ibi bihwanye na miliyoni zisaga 26 toni metrici ya pellet (niba biomass yose yari pellet yibiti).

Muri 2016, METI yasohoye urupapuro rusobanura ibipimo ngenderwaho byiza bya tekinoroji (BAT) ku bimera bishyuha. Urupapuro rutezimbere ibipimo ngenderwaho byibura kubitanga amashanyarazi. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2016, kimwe cya gatatu cy’amayapani y’amakara akomoka ku bimera byujuje ubuziranenge bwa BAT. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kubahiriza uburyo bushya bwo gukora ni ugufatanya gutwika ibiti.

Imikorere y'ibihingwa isanzwe ibarwa mukugabanya ingufu ziva mukwinjiza ingufu. Kurugero rero, niba amashanyarazi akoresha MWh 100 yingufu zitanga ingufu za MWh 35, urwo ruganda rukora neza 35%.

METI yemereye ingufu ziva muri biomass gufatanya kurasa kugirango zinjizwe. Niba igihingwa kimwe cyasobanuwe haruguru gifatanya na MWh 15 za peleti yimbaho, imikorere yuruganda mu mibare mishya yaba 35 MWh / (100 MWh - 15 MWh) = 41.2 ku ijana, ibyo bikaba biri hejuru yurwego rushimishije. FutureMetrics yabaze tonnage ya pelleti yimbaho ​​zizasabwa ninganda zamashanyarazi zUbuyapani kugirango zizane inganda zidahwitse kugirango zubahirizwe muri raporo y’Ubuyapani Biomass Outlook iherutse gusohoka na FutureMetrics. Raporo ikubiyemo amakuru arambuye ku byifuzo bikenerwa ku mbaho ​​ziti, ibiti by'imikindo, hamwe n’ibiti by’ibiti mu Buyapani na politiki itera icyo cyifuzo.

FutureMetrics iteganya ko pellet ikenerwa ninganda ntoya yigenga (IPPs) igera kuri toni miliyoni 4.7 kumwaka mumwaka wa 2025. Ibi bishingiye kubisesengura rya IPP zigera ku 140 zisobanurwa neza mubuyapani Biomass Outlook.

Ibisabwa byose mu Buyapani biva mu mashanyarazi akoreshwa no muri IPP birashobora kurenga toni miliyoni 12 ku mwaka muri 2025.

Incamake

Hariho ibyiringiro bihanitse bijyanye no gukomeza iterambere ryamasoko yinganda zi Burayi. Abayapani bakeneye, imishinga ya IPP imaze gukora kandi ibikorwa binini byakira inyungu za FiT, nabyo bigomba kuba bihamye kandi birashoboka ko byiyongera nkuko byari byavuzwe. Ibizaza muri S. Koreya biragoye kubigereranya kubera kutamenya neza ibiciro bya REC. Muri rusange, FutureMetrics ivuga ko hashobora gukenerwa gushya ibiti biva mu nganda kugeza mu 2025 birenga toni miliyoni 26 ku mwaka.